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- Posted by admin on 11.03.2008
FOLK DANCES
FOLK DANCES, solo (male and female) and mass, are one of more popular types of art of bashkirs. Arising up in the epoch of pristine order, a dance reflected features labor activity, different ceremonies and beliefs. To most ancient it is necessary to take huntings dances and those, which is related to the cult of nature, animals and birds. Solo dances with their bright visual possess the most developed forms in a bashkir choreography.
Male dances are based on huntings motions: archery, espial of booty, trembling of racemes of hands (imitation the wings of huntings birds) and other. Dance was incarnated by appearance of hunter, warrior, excellent horseman, brave Caucasian horseman.
Motions in female dances related to the imitation of different labor processes: spinning, thurlling of butter, embroidery and other. Female dance was decorated by clicks by the fingers of hands, game shoulders, swaying of hands from a side to a side and such motions, representing flight of butterflies, birds, trembling of leaves on trees.
Mass dances were based on the circular stagings, motions of hands in them were limited. General for mass dances were repetitive circular motions, pair swirling, rotations of soloists in a center a circle. Along with the circular form of construction at bashkir dances of linear form existed.
On the subject Folk dances subdivided into ceremonial and playing. The echoes of heathen beliefs were saved in ceremonial dances: magic, shamanism, totemism. Ceremonial dances were carried out women in honour waking up nature; the round dance with singing are called were to provide growth of herbares...
As a rule Bashkir dancing melodies consist of two 4-measured phrases, repeated twice. Musical size 2/4. The 2-private structure of dancing folk-tunes is less widespread: slow in 1th part, rapid, rhythmically active - in 2.
First mentions about Folk dances present in an epos, legends, traditions. I.I.Lepekhin looked after shamanistic and epic dances in 1770, and the dances-imitations of animals were described by P.S.Pallas. Description of "bird" dances were find at S.G.Rybakov. S.I.Rudenko in a monograph "Bashkirs" mentions female ceremonial round dance with singing of "Tunerek uyyny" ("Dance on a circle"), "Es tagan" ("Tripod"), "Es buken" ("Three stumps").
In 1939 F.A.Gaskarov created the State band of folk dance. In 1956 he published description of 8 stage dances, created on the basis of folk ("Bashkir dances". Ufa, 1956). First domestic dances of bashkir were presented in folklore programs heatre troupes of V.G.Murtazin-Imanskiy (1917).
In 1927 standards of Bashkir folk dances was demonstrated by T.F.Rashitova in Moscow in the programs of Scientifical-artistic society "Etnomir". Last time Bashkir folk dances were presented on international folklore festivals in Novgorod (1986), Moscow (1989), Austria (1989). Bands, dances groups, folklore collectives are present on enterprises, at schools, in villages clubs and others.